Personality psychology Essay Example for Free

Personality psychology Essay â€Å"We are born at a given moment, in a given place and, like vintage years of wine, we have the qualities of the year and of the season of which we are born. Astrology does not lay claim to anything more† (Carl Gustav Jung). Ever since humans looked toward the sky for some kind of meaning to life and answers to the big questions, astrology has been a part of many people’s lives. It is also known to hold knowledge on one’s personality and character. After reading my Pisces personality profile, I realized that there are similarities and differences between my personality and the profile provided. Aside from the similarities, the profile also consists of traits which are different from my own. I feel that I am a long term planners and I am very decisive about my life goals as opposed to the profile which says that Pisces â€Å"[go] where the wind blows†. I feel that I am a very determined person and example of this is that in grade 8, I had thought about each and every single major step stone in my life. I had decided that I would go into McMasters to study Health Sciences, then go into UFT medical school, complete 3 years of specialization in neurology and after completing my residency, become a neurosurgeon. Saying that I go where the wind blows is an invalid statement. In addition, I do not feel that I have a strong connection with music which again disobeys the profile personality. It says that Pisces â€Å"[are] often channeled into creative outlets,† and have a strong connection in â€Å"music and film†. I feel it very hard to connect to music personally because I feel I have no relations with the topics a singer sings about. Even though certain music can be inspirational and represent an important topic, most of today’s music just seems to be about money, fame and girls. Just yesterday I felt depressed due though personal circumstances and thought music might aid but I personally had no relief. Moreover, I also disagree with the fact that I have â€Å"a feminine nature†. I consider myself being more masculine and bold. In particular, during my summer job when my employer asked me to do something I felt was unsafe, I gallantly spoke out whereas if I had a feminine nature I might have said nothing. As a result I feel that certain elements of this personality profile do not match with mine. In conclusion, there are similarities and differences between my personality and the profile personality provided. Even though it consisted of several traits which I felt resembled me, it also contained traits which I could not relate to. Scientists have always dismissed astrology as a load of old bunk. Now, a British astronomer has said that there might be something in it after all. Could the planets really control our fates? Bibliography Yoga, Lexi. 101 Astrology Quotes. October 2009. Web. 11 September 2010 .

Budgeting Essay -- Finances Accounting Budgets Essays

Budgeting Budgeting is the systematic method of allocating financial, physical, and human resources to achieve an organization’s strategic goals. Budgets are utilized by for-profit and non-profit organizations to monitor the progress towards the goals, assist in the control of spending, and help predict cash flow for the organization. The central challenge that budget developers encounter is predicting what the future holds for the internal business and external factors. Reading the future is something that can never be done with perfect precision. The fast pace of technological change, the complexities of global competition and world events make developing effective budgets both more difficult and more important. Important benefits of improving the budgeting process include better companywide understanding of strategic goals, more coordinated support for those goals, and an improved ability to respond quickly to competition. (Gruner & Jahr, 2003 Inc Magazine). Anyone familiar with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and practices will find most accounting for nonprofit activity to be very familiar. There are, however, some significant differences, which include:  « Accounting for Contributions  « Capitalizing and Depreciating Assets  « Use of Cash- and Modified Cash-Basis Accounting  « Functional Expense Classification The act of budgeting resources to meet or beat the goals of an organization is an art form in any type of business. â€Å"All business should prepare budgets,† (Hansen and Mowen, p. 282). The advantage to budgeting is that: 1. It forces to plan. 2. It provides information that can be used to improve decision making. 3. It provides a standard for performance evaluation. 4. It improves communication and coordination. If good budgeting is important for every successful business or organization, can we expect to have industry standard and general practices that are followed in every type of organization? Probable not, but certain standard can be expected, which is the direction of this term paper. Are there a difference or should there be a difference in the way a for-profit and a not-for-profit conduct their budgeting procedures. In both cases, they have income and expenses, employees and goals and objectives of the organization. The hypothesis is that there is no difference in the bu... ..., a wide variety of popular accounting software systems are available that have been designed to satisfy these needs. If the nonprofit organization uses an adequate accounting system, sets up its categories and classifications in line with the IRS reporting requirements, and assiduously labels all revenue and expenses appropriately, then completing the IRS annual report is a relatively painless matter. References Bangs Jr, David H and Pellecchia, Michael, August 15, 2000, Action Plan: Forecasting and Cash-Flow Budgeting retrieved from web site http://www.muridae.com/ nporegulation/accounting.html on February 27, 2003. Critical Issues in Financial Accounting Regulation for Nonprofit Organizations, Online Compendium of Federal and State Regulations for U.S. Nonprofit Organizations, retrieved from web site http://www.muridae.com/nporegulation/main.html on February 28, 2003 Gruner + Jahr, January 12, 2000, Best Practices: Developing Budgets, Inc Magazine, USA Publishing. Inc.com, retrieved from web site http://www.inc.com/articles/ finance/fin_manage/budget/16379.html on February 27th, 2003 Hansen & Mowen, Management Accounting, 6th edition, 2003, South Western

Classic Pen Company Case

A VOTRE SANTE: PRODUCT COSTING AND DECISION ANALYSIS IN THE WINE INDUSTRY Priscilla S. Wisner Department of Accounting and Information Management College of Business University of Tennessee 638 Stokely Management Center Knoxville, TN 37996 Phone: 865. 974. 1714 Email: [email  protected] edu Case: A Votre Sante Page 1 of 17 Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn. com/abstract=1659912 BACKGROUND A Votre Sante (AVS) is a small, independent winery owned by Kay Aproveche. Kay has a relationship with a grower who grows two types of wine grapes, a Chardonnay and a generic white grape.AVS buys the grapes at the point that they have ripened on the vine. AVS is responsible for harvesting the grapes and all further processing of the grapes into wine. In 2010, AVS earned an operating margin of almost $100,000 on sales of $848,000, for an 11. 6% margin (see Exhibit 1). The process of winemaking is fairly simple, yet requires much attention to process details. After the grapes are harvested, they are brought to the winery for washing and crushing. The crushing process separates the juice from the pulp, skin and stems.The juice is used to make the wine; the pulp, skin and stems are recycled back onto the fields whenever possible or otherwise disposed of. The amount of wine generated from the grapes is dependent each year on a number of climatic and growing factors such as temperature, length of growing season, rootstock and fertilizers used. Once the juice is extracted, it moves into the fermenting process. The Chardonnay wine grape is fermented using oak barrels; the oak in the barrels gives flavor to the Chardonnay wine.The barrels are expensive ($500 each), but are sold after four years for $200 apiece to another smaller winery. The juice fermenting in each barrel results in the production of 40 cases of wine. The generic white grape juices are fermented in a holding tank; a full tank would result in the production of 1,500 cases of wine. The fermenting process takes place in a temperaturecontrolled environment; however, each fermenting method results in some wine loss through evaporation. Kay Aproveche estimates that theChardonnay will lose approximately 10 percent of its volume through the fermentation process, while the generic white will lose approximately 5 percent of its volume. Harvest takes place in the late summer and early fall months; typically, the time elapsed from harvest to final sale is about 11 months. Case: A Votre Sante Page 2 of 17 Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn. com/abstract=1659912 PRODUCT INFORMATION AVS bottles three wines: a Chardonnay-Estate, a regular Chardonnay and a Blanc de Blanc.Data related to the three wines is as follows: Chardonnay-Estate contains only Chardonnay grapes that are grown for AVS; the expected sales price is $22/bottle. The market demand for Chardonnay-Estate wine is estimated to be 24,000 bottles for 2010. Regular Chardonnay is blended by combining the Chardonnay wine left over after bo ttling the Chardonnay-Estate with the fermented generic wine; the blend mixture is two parts Chardonnay grapes and one part generic grapes. The expected sales price is $16/bottle.Blanc de Blanc wine is made from all remaining generic white grapes; the expected sales price is $11/bottle. All three wines are bottled at AVS using one bottling line. In a typical year, AVS bottles enough Chardonnay-Estate to meet the predicted market demand, then bottles the regular Chardonnay after blending all remaining Chardonnay wine with the necessary amount of generic grapes. The Blanc de Blanc is the last wine to be bottled, using all remaining generic white grapes. Kay again expects the wines from this harvest year to sell out.ADDITIONAL OPERATIONAL AND COST DATA Chardonnay Grapes 2009 harvest – 100,000 pounds purchase price of $85,500 expected loss in volume through fermentation and bottling – 10% Case: A Votre Sante Page 3 of 17 Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn. com/abstr act=1659912 Generic White Grapes 2009 harvest – 60,000 pounds purchase price of $38,500 expected loss in volume through fermentation and bottling – 5% Wine-making Chardonnay grapes are fermented in oak barrels; each barrel results in the production of 40 cases of wine Barrels cost $500 apiece, and can be used for our years and sold for $200 each at the end of four years; assume that you have to purchase all new barrels for the 2009 harvest Generic white grapes are fermented in the holding tank; the tank can hold up to the equivalent of 1,500 cases of wine Bottling Requires 36 pounds of grapes (post-fermenting) for one case (12 bottles) of wine In the bottling process, the wine is put into bottles, with both corks and labels added during this process. The materials cost associated with the bottles, corks and labels are estimated to be $2. 50/bottle. Direct Labor Harvest labor is paid an average of $7. 5 / hour. It is estimated that 80 pounds of grapes can be harvested e ach hour. Crush labor is paid an average of $8. 00/hour. It is estimated that it will take 300 hours to crush the grape harvest. Overhead Expenses Administrative rent and office expenses – Estimated to be $20,000 / year. Depreciation is charged based on the following equipment schedule: Case: A Votre Sante Page 4 of 17 Equipment Tractors Crushers Holding Tank Bottle Lines Cost $15,000 $6,000 $40,000 $10,000 Est. Life 10 years 10 years 20 years 10 years 5 years Other Production Equipment $15,000Indirect Materials – Part of the wine-making process involves introducing yeasts and other additives into the wine to help the fermentation process and to help balance the flavors in the wine. Indirect production materials average $1. 55 per case of wine. Lab expenses – Lab expenses of $8,000 are incurred for lab supplies and equipment. The lab is used by the production supervisor and the wine master to test the grapes and wine at various stages of production. Liquor taxes – AVS is required to pay a liquor excise tax of $3/bottle on every bottle of wine sold.Production office – AVS pays a part-time person to help administer the production function. This person orders supplies, reviews and approves production invoices, and performs other administrative functions. The production office budget is estimated to be a flat rate of $12,000. Sales and related – Kay’s sister, Bebe Cadadia, is paid $30,000/year on a contract basis to sell AVS wines. She works through distributors, who are paid $2/bottle for each bottle sold. Supervision – Kay’s brother, Kan Pai, supervises the production of wine from the harvest through the bottling processes. His salary and benefits total $55,000 annually.Case: A Votre Sante Page 5 of 17 Utilities – Utilities costs are incurred primarily to maintain a constant temperature in the fermenting process. These are expected to be $5,500. Waste treatment – After crushing, the pul p, skins and stems that are left over must be disposed of. One-half of the waste can be recycled back onto the fields as a compost material; the other one-half must be disposed of at a landfill dumping cost of $2,000. A winemaster is employed to help formulate and test the wines. This is done on a contract basis; AVS pays the winemaster $5,000 for each type of wine that is formulated.Kay’s role is to manage the AVS business. Her annual salary and benefits total $75,000. CASE QUESTIONS 1. Create a single company-wide contribution margin income statement for AVS that includes each expense category. Also calculate the average revenue and net income for one bottle of wine. (Note: Do not break out the variable or the fixed costs by type of wine. ) 2. Another grower has available 20,000 pounds of Chardonnay grapes from the 2009 harvest. AVS has the opportunity to buy the juice from these grapes (they have already been harvested and crushed).If AVS could blend these grapes with the generic white grapes (using the 2:1 blend formula) to produce a new Chardonnay wine to be priced at $14/bottle, and required a 15% return on sales for this wine, what is the maximum amount that AVS would pay for a pound of grapes? 3. Other than the cost of the grapes, what factors would you consider to support your purchase of the grapes, and what factors would cause you to reject buying the grapes? 4. Kay Aproveche recently read an article about Activity Based Costing (ABC) and is intrigued by the costing methodology.She would like to be able to better assign costs to each of AVS’s products, and has collected the following information about AVS activities. Use this Case: A Votre Sante Page 6 of 17 information, along with the information given in the case, to construct a product cost analysis using ABC. Assume that AVS did not buy the grapes referred to in Question 2. Harvesting activity – The Chardonnay grapes can be harvested at the average rate of 71. 5 pounds/hour, while the generic white grapes are harvested at the rate of 100 pounds/hour.Includes costs related to tractors and harvest labor. Crush activity – Relates to the pounds of grapes crushed. Includes costs of crusher equipment and crush labor. Fermenting Activities – Barrel costs relate to the Chardonnay wines by the percentage of wine used in each wine type. Holding tanks relate to the Blanc de Blanc and the Chardonnay regular wines by the percentage of wine used in each wine type. Lab and Supervision Activities – Kan Pai estimates that these activities are split 60% Chardonnay-Estate, 25% Chardonnay regular and 15% Blanc de Blanc.Other production activities and costs not directly associated with a specific wine – allocate according to the number of bottles produced of each wine. Administrative activities – Allocate according to sales revenues. 5. Write a brief memo to Kay Aproveche that explains what ABC is, and that discusses both the benefits and costs of doing an ABC analysis. What would you recommend to Kay Aproveche regarding the ABC analysis? Case: A Votre Sante Page 7 of 17 Exhibit 1 A Votre Sante Income Statement – 2010Sales Chardonnay – Estate Chardonnay (non-Estate) Blanc de Blanc Total Revenues Product Costs Grapes Bottle, labels, corks Harvest labor Crush Labor Indirect Materials Depreciation Lab expenses Production office Utilities Waste treatment Wine Master Supervisor Barrels Total Product Costs Gross Margin Administrative & Sales Costs Administrative rent & office Liquor taxes Sales commissions Sales manager Administrative salary Total Fixed Costs Operating Margin price $ 22 $ 16 $ 11 # bottles 24,000 $ 9,000 16,000 49,000 $ $ 528,000 144,000 176,000 848,000 124,000 122,500 14,500 2,400 6,329 8,100 8,000 12,000 5,500 2,000 15,000 55,000 4,725 380,054 467,946 $ $ 44. 8% 55. 2% $ $ $ 20,000 147,000 98,000 30,000 75,000 370,000 97,946 11. 6% Case: A Votre Sante Page 8 of 17 TEACHING NOTE: A VOTRE SA NTEThe A Votre Sante (AVS) case is multi-faceted in that it requires students to incorporate operational measures into product costing results, and also to understand cost accounting from a variety of perspectives, such as: Product versus period costs Variable versus fixed costs Activity based costing Relevant costs and opportunity costs Additionally, the case questions require both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the business issues faced by AVS. AVS has been used in a graduate-level managerial accounting class for MBAs, and would be most appropriate for an advanced undergraduate or a graduatelevel accounting or MBA course. The detail in the case is rich enough to support a variety of analyses.Alternative uses could be to have the student construct a cost of goods manufactured statement or a traditional financial statement, both of which reinforce the differences between product and period costs. Students must know the difference between product and period costs to success fully complete the ABC analysis, but they could be made more explicit by requiring the statements. Additionally, alternative decision analysis questions could be developed using the variable and fixed cost structures described in the case. Case question number two is only one example of a potential decision analysis question. The following discussion contains the answers to the questions listed in the case, and does not detail the solutions to alternative questions. Case: A Votre Sante Page 9 of 17Question 1: Contribution Margin Income Statement To develop the contribution margin income statement, you first have to calculate the number of bottles of wine produced by AVS. This number is dependent upon the yield from the grapes. The relevant calculations are as follows: Chardonnay Grapes 100,000 10,000 10% 90,000 Generic Grapes 60,000 3,000 57,000 Yield: Pounds harvested Loss in processing Yield Bottles of wine produced: 5% Chardonnay Estate Regular pounds of grapes: Chardonnay grapes Generic grapes Total pounds of grapes Bottles (3 lb. / bottle) 72,000 72,000 24,000 18,000 9,000 27,000 9,000 Blanc de Blanc 48,000 48,000 16,000 Total 90,000 57,000 49,000The contribution margin income statement (Teaching Note Exhibit 1) is fairly straightforward, with the following concepts / calculations causing the most difficulty: The inclusion of liquor taxes and sales commissions in variable costs: These are both period expenses, but are clearly based upon the number of bottles sold, and therefore are included in the variable costs. Where to include the wine master expense: Since the wine master is paid according to number of blends, not number of bottles, this expense is listed as a fixed cost. Arguably, it could be listed as a variable cost, given that the cost will be based on the number of wines produced.As part of the discussion we will examine the rationale behind listing wine master as a fixed or a variable expense. Barrel expense: The case states that the barrels pro duce the equivalent of 40 cases of wine. A case of wine is post-fermentation/bottling and therefore after the 10% loss has occurred. The Case: A Votre Sante Page 10 of 17 barrels contain the wine at the start of the process. Therefore, there have to be enough barrels to hold all the wine at the beginning of the process, not at the end. This factor results in 63 (62. 5) barrels being required for the harvest1. Question 2: Additional Purchase Opportunity, Quantitative Analysis Case Question 2 asks what is the maximum amount that AVS would pay to buy an additional pound of Chardonnay grapes.There are three parts to calculating this answer: the benefit from the additional Chardonnay wine to be sold, the relevant costs related to producing this wine and the opportunity cost of not producing as much Blanc de Blanc wine. Teaching Note Exhibit 2 displays the calculations relevant to this decision. Chardonnay regular wine requires a 2 to 1 mixture of Chardonnay and Blanc de Blanc wine. There fore, the 18,000 pounds of Chardonnay grapes will be combined with 9,000 pounds of generic grapes. The 27,000 pounds of grapes will result in an additional 9,000 bottles of Chardonnay regular wine being produced. However, it will also result in a 3,000-bottle decrease in the amount of Blanc de Blanc wine produced, since some generic grapes will now be used for the Chardonnayregular wine.Question 3: Additional Purchase Opportunity, Qualitative Analysis The following factors would support AVS’s decision to purchase the additional grapes: Potential increase in market share Diversification of suppliers Ability to leverage fixed costs over more production If quality of purchased grape is perceived to be better To block a competitor from buying the grapes 1 Each case of wine requires 36 pounds of grapes (post-fermenting). A barrel holds the equivalent of 40 cases of wine (post-fermenting), or 1,440 pounds of grapes (40 x 36). To convert the post-fermenting grapes to prefermenting g rapes, they must be divided by . 9, or 1,440 / . 9 equals 1,600 pounds of grapes. The harvest of 100,000 pounds of grapes therefore requires 62. 5 barrels for storage (100,000 / 1,600). Case: A Votre Sante Page 11 of 17Ability to focus time and effort on wine making (rather than harvesting and crushing) Creates an incentive for the current grower to control costs The following factors would support AVS’s decision to reject the grape purchase: Poor quality of the grapes An additional AVS Chardonnay wine creates confusion in the marketplace Lack of control over the harvest and crush process Lack of confidence in the additional sales forecast Inability of the current capacity (e. g. bottling line, space) to support additional production Inability to use the additional barrels purchased in future years Cannibalization of the current Chardonnay, Chardonnay-Estate or Blanc de Blanc sales Reliability concerns with the new supplier Other hidden costsQuestion 4: ABC Quantitative Analy sis Teaching Note Exhibit 3 contains the ABC product costing analysis, and shows both the per product line and per unit costs. The ABC outcome demonstrates that the Chardonnay-Estate is the most profitable wine for AVS, the Chardonnay-Regular is marginally profitable, and the Blanc de Blanc is not profitable. While Blanc de Blanc is not profitable, a product-line contribution analysis would need to be completed to determine if Blanc de Blanc has a positive contribution margin, and therefore contributes to covering fixed costs of AVS. Case: A Votre Sante Page 12 of 17 Question 5: ABC Qualitative Analysis The first part of this question asks for an explanation of ABC, and a discussion of the benefits and costs of an ABC analysis.Relevant points are that ABC is a method of assigning costs that first assigns costs to the activities identified in the business, and these costs are assigned to the cost objects (in this case, the three wines) in a manner which reflects each cost object†™s use of the activity. Using ABC to assign costs is especially beneficial where there exists either variation in processes or variations in cost object requirements. It is also useful as a tool to calculate activity or process costs, which can act as a benchmark against which to judge future improvements. A well-defined ABC cost allocation will provide more accurate costing information than a less-sophisticated cost allocation system. The costs of ABC are that it is a time-consuming process and it requires a comprehensive knowledge of the entire operation to successfully complete.For a small company such as AVS, software costs would be minimal; the ABC system could easily be constructed using a spreadsheet program. After looking at the results of the ABC analysis, it is clear that the Chardonnay-Estate wine is driving the profitability of AVS. The Blanc de Blanc is the poorest performer; recommendations to Kay Aproveche would be to explore both pricing and cost control opportunit ies for the Blanc de Blanc wine. One â€Å"rule of thumb† used in the wine industry is that the price of a bottle of wine is approximately related to the cost of a ton of grapes by a factor of 100 to 1. If you multiply the $11 price per bottle by 100, the result is $1,100.AVS pays $1,283 for a ton of generic grapes, which suggests that AVS is not receiving enough value for Blanc de Blanc wine relative to the price of the grapes. Perhaps AVS is paying too much for this grape, or they are underpricing the wine. The answer to this cannot be fathomed by data in the case, and is subject to many other variables (such as strength of the harvest and strength of the wine market); however, it is mentioned here as performance measure that is used in the industry. Although some students will suggest that AVS discontinue producing Blanc de Blanc, because it has a Case: A Votre Sante Page 13 of 17 positive contribution margin it would not be to AVS’s benefit to discontinue this wine without having a better substitue.Looking at the line item costs, students should note that the costs for bottles, labels and corks are the same for each of the wines, which may not be correct or appropriate. Students should question whether this makes sense, and note that AVS might decrease costs in the Blanc de Blanc line by buying lower-priced bottles, labels and corks. Another interesting piece of information from the cost analysis is the Wine Master cost and how large it is on a per-unit basis when the number of bottles is low. This helps demonstrate to the students how volume creates economies of scale, and often leads into a discussion about how to expand product lines without incurring additional fixed costs, especially when initial volume is expected to be low.Summary The AVS case is based upon actual wine industry data, although the data has been simplified to reinforce the teaching points and concepts. It is also true to the wine making process, with the exception of AVS ’s process of making the Chardonnay regular wine from the fermented Chardonnay and Blanc de Blanc wines. This can be done, but most commonly the juice from the wine grapes is combined at the start of the fermenting process, so that they can ferment together. Because of the different yield rates in the fermenting process, the case had the wines ferment separately and blend at the end. The case can be taught in a 75-minute class, or by omitting the decision analysis question 50 minutes would be sufficient.I have also used it to teach the differences between the financial income statement reporting (product and period costs) and the contribution margin income statement reporting (variable and fixed costs), and then assigned decision analysis and/or the ABC costing as an additional assignment. Case: A Votre Sante Page 14 of 17 Teaching Note Exhibit 1: Contribution Margin Income Statement Sales Chardonnay Chardonnay – Estate Blanc de Blanc Total Revenues Variable costs Grap es Bottle, labels, corks Harvest labor Crush Labor Indirect Materials Liquor taxes Sales Barrels Total Variable Costs Contribution Margin Fixed Costs Administrative rent & office Depreciation Lab expenses Production office Sales Supervisor Utilities Waste treatment Wine Master Administrative salary Total Fixed Costs Operating Margin price $ 22 $ 16 $ 11 # bottles 24,000 $ 9,000 16,000 49,000 $ 528,000 144,000 176,000 848,000 avg. revenue per bottle: $ 17. 1 $ 124,000 122,500 14,500 2,400 6,329 147,000 98,000 4,725 519,454 328,546 61. 3% 38. 7% $85,500 + 38,500 # bottles x $2. 50 2,000 hours x $7. 25/hour 300 hours x $8/hour # bottles x 1. 55/12 $3/bottle $2/bottle 63 barrels x $300/4 years $ $ $ 20,000 8,100 8,000 12,000 30,000 55,000 5,500 2,000 15,000 75,000 230,600 97,946 11. 6% $ 2. 00 per bottle $ $ Case: A Votre Sante Page 15 of 17 Teaching Note Exhibit 2: Decision Analysis, Additional Grape Purchase Yield Chardonnay grapes 20,000 2,000 18,000 9,000 pounds loss (10%) yield 2 p ounds of Chardonnay grapes per bottle (along with 1 pound of generic grapes) 9000 bottles @ $14 / bottle bottlesAdditional Chardonnay Product Line Revenue: $ 126,000 Costs: generic grapes $ 6,079 bottles, labels, corks 22,500 indirect material 1,163 liquor taxes 27,000 sales distribution 18,000 barrels 975 wine master 5,000 Total costs: $ 80,716 Gain from new Chardonnay $ 45,284 Lost Sales of Blanc de Blanc Wine Revenue: $ 33,000 Costs: generic grapes $ 6,079 bottles, labels, corks 7,500 indirect material 388 liquor taxes 9,000 sales distribution 6,000 Total costs: $ 28,966 Lost Contribution Margin $ 4,034 Net Impact Required Return Total Net Benefit Pounds of Grapes Maximum Price $ $ 41,250 $ 18,900 $ 22,350 20,000 1. 12 9000 pounds x. 6754 / pound $2. 50 / bottle $1. 55 / case $3 / bottle $2 / bottle 20,000 pounds / 1, 600 each blend 3000 bottles @ $11 / bottle 9000 pounds x. 6754 / pound $2. 50 / bottle $1. 55 / case $3 / bottle $2 / bottle 15% per poundCase: A Votre Sante Page 1 6 of 17 Teaching Note Exhibit 3: Activity Based Costing Income Statement C – Estate Sales Revenue Driver Grapes pounds of grapes Bottle, labels, corks # bottles Harvest labor harvest labor hours 1 Tractor Depreciation harvest labor hours 1 Crush Labor pounds of grape crushed2 Crush Equip. Depr. pounds of grape crushed2 Indirect Materials # bottles Lab and Supervision # bottles Liquor taxes # bottles Sales # bottles Wine Master # blends Barrels percentage of wine3 Holding Tank percentage of wine4 Other Production Expenses Depreciation # bottles Prod. Office # bottles Utilities # bottles Waste treatment # bottles Administrative Expenses Admin.Salary % of sales revenue Admin rent & office % of sales revenue Sales % of sales revenue # bottles rev. /bottle 24,000 22 $ 528,000 68,400 60,000 8,117 840 1,200 300 3,100 37,800 72,000 48,000 5,000 3,780 308,537 1,959 5,878 2,694 980 11,510 46,698 12,453 18,679 77,830 Total Expenses Operating Margin 397,877 $ 130,123 24. 6% $ $ product l ine data C – Reg. B de B 9,000 16 144,000 23,180 22,500 2,717 281 442 111 1,163 15,750 27,000 18,000 5,000 945 316 117,403 735 2,204 1,010 367 4,316 12,736 3,396 5,094 21,226 142,946 1,054 0. 7% $ $ 16,000 11 176,000 32,421 40,000 3,666 379 758 189 2,067 9,450 48,000 32,000 5,000 1,684 175,614 1,306 3,918 1,796 653 7,673 15,566 4,151 6,226 25,943 209,231 (33,231) -18. % $ Total 49,000 $ 848,000 124,000 122,500 14,500 1,500 2,400 600 6,329 63,000 147,000 98,000 15,000 4,725 2,000 601,554 4,000 12,000 5,500 2,000 23,500 75,000 20,000 30,000 125,000 750,054 97,946 11. 6% $ $ 22. 00 $ 16. 00 $ 11. 00 2. 85 2. 50 0. 34 0. 03 0. 05 0. 01 0. 13 1. 58 3. 00 2. 00 0. 21 0. 16 0. 00 12. 86 0. 08 0. 24 0. 11 0. 04 0. 48 1. 95 0. 52 0. 78 3. 24 16. 58 5. 42 $ 24. 6% 2. 58 2. 50 0. 30 0. 03 0. 05 0. 01 0. 13 1. 75 3. 00 2. 00 0. 56 0. 11 0. 04 13. 04 0. 08 0. 24 0. 11 0. 04 0. 48 1. 42 0. 38 0. 57 2. 36 15. 88 0. 12 $ 0. 7% 2. 03 2. 50 0. 23 0. 02 0. 05 0. 01 0. 13 0. 59 3. 00 2. 00 0. 31 0. 00 0. 11 10. 98 0. 08 0. 24 0. 11 0. 04 0. 48 0. 97 0. 26 0. 39 1. 62 13. 08 (2. 08) -18. 9% per-unit data C – Estate C – Reg. B de B Case: A Votre Sante Page 17 of 17

Edmund Emil Kemper III Serial Killer Essay - 1025 Words

Edmund Emil Kemper III: Serial Killer Edmund Emil Kemper III was raised by a verbally abusive mother and her succession of abusive husbands. He was 69 and therefore there was really no where that he could hide once the police caught on to his murderous activities. At a young age Edmund tortured and killed animals and had fantasies that combined sex and violence (crime library, 2000). Edmunds younger sister said that he would stage his own execution in the form of a childhood game in which he had her lead him to a chair, blindfold him, and pull and imaginary lever, after which he would writhe about as if dying in a gas chamber (Leyton: 1995, 43). By the time that Edmund was finally apprehended by the police he had killed ten†¦show more content†¦After his stay at Atascadero he was returned to the care of his mother at the age of 21. Kemper did not accept responsibilities for his crimes while in Atascadero, he said that his actions were beyond his control. The stay at Atascadero was not beneficial for Kemper, his interactions with the other patients lead him to believe that his sexual thoughts of domination and violence were normal and consequently his fantasies during this time became more intense (crime library, 2000). Although Edmund did well in his studies, he was too tall to follow his dream of being a cop and he did not fit in with the hippies that were all around him. After his return home Edmund worked but still did not get along with his mother. Edmund was very frustrated with his life. At this time he started picking up young hitchhikers and watched how they reacted to him (crime library, 2000). The hitchhikers helped Kemper develop his future plans. Over the next couple of months his car was transformed so as to fit with his plans. He took the antenna off his car, rigged the passenger door to keep it from being opened from the inside and put plastic bags, knives, guns and a blanket in the trunk (crime library, 2000). In may 1972 Edmund pick up two girls from Fresno State college that were hitchhiking to Stanford university. He took the two girls out of town andShow MoreRelatedEdmund Kemper881 Words   |  4 Pages2012 EDMUND KEMPER: The Coed Butcher Edmund Emil Big Ed Kemper III  (born December 18, 1948),  also known as  The Co-ed Killer,  is an American  serial killer  who was active in California in the early 1970s. He started his criminal life by shooting both his grandparents when he was 15 years old.  Kemper later killed and dismembered six female hitchhikers in the  Santa Cruz  area. He then murdered his mother and one of her friends before turning himself in to the authorities’ days later. Kemper was theRead MoreEssay on Edmund Emil Kemper III1432 Words   |  6 PagesHave you ever wondered what makes a serial killer tick and sets them off? What makes them want to kill and what is their drive to continue this horrible, sickening journey through their life or what was the cause for them to change their nature in life and create them into these monsters that we see them as today. It takes tragic experiences to cause that like abuse whether it is verbal, physical, or even sexual to cause a sense of damage to a person’s mind and disrupt their ability to comprehend